The goal of the radiation safety office is to keep radiation exposure to university personnel, members of the public, and the environment as low as reasonably achievable alara and in compliance with state and federal regulations. Knowledge of radiation hazards, radiation protection practices and. Acute health effects such as skin burns or acute radiation syndrome can occur when doses of radiation exceed certain levels. Finally, the result was presented in the form of tables. Safety and health topics ionizing radiation hazards and solutions. Radiation hazards radiation hazard radhaz describes the hazards of electromagnetic radiation to fuels, electronic hardware, ordnance, and personnel. The purpose of a radiation safety interlock system is to prevent worker exposure and injury from high radiation levels. The second unit is the rem roentgenequivalentman which is the absorbed dose in rads corrected for the equivalent absorption of the radiation in living tissue. The pdf book consists of total elements separated in 2 parts, the first part is having 5 elements and 8 elements in 2nd part. This means that even if exposures are acceptable, if there is a reasonable way to reduce.
Radiation hazards an overview sciencedirect topics. Recommend methods and procedures to prevent spread of radioactive contamination. The higher the radiation dose, the greater the chance of developing cancer. Introduction to radiation canadian nuclear safety commission. Institutions in nepal still lack the adequate standards to maintain radiation. Occupational safety and health administration 200 constitution ave nw washington, dc 20210 8003216742 osha tty. The first two sections on this page describe two sources of ionizing radiation. Regular radiation selfinspections should be conducted when working with radiation equipment or. The california emf program also published policy options in the face of possible risk from power frequency electric and magnetic fields emf cdc pdf pdf. Alpha radiation alpha source is not an external hazard to the body. Static and extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields cdc pdf external monograph by the international agency for research on cancer iarc monographs, volume 80 2002 this risk assessment is part of a highlyrespected international program to evaluate all carcinogens. Basic principals of radiation safety the goal of radiation safety is to keep all radiation exposures as low as reasonably achievable alara.
Unlike some other types of energy, such as heat infrared radiation or visible light, the human body cannot sense exposure to ionizing radiation. Safety and health topics ionizing radiation hazards. How to reduce radiation risk international medcom, inc. Periodic in service training and monitoring on radiation safety was suggested. When we have been in the sun too long our body usually tells us it. Dec 04, 2014 radiation hazards and safety veterinary 1. A radiation safety interlock system is a device that automatically shuts off or reduces the radiation emission rate from radiation producing equipment gamma or xray equipment or accelerator. Ionizing radiation, health effects and protective measures.
Low doses of ionizing radiation can increase the risk of longer term effects such as cancer. Gamma radiation occurs to rid the decaying nucleus of excess energy after it has emitted either alpha or beta radiation. Knowledge about radiation related health hazards and. Their main duty is to ensure that work is carried out without hazard to the health of the people involved. Our team of over 140 specially trained safety experts.
Frequency is measured by counting the number of waves that pass a fixed point in one second. An internal radiation hazard arises when radioactive material is taken into the body and its control is exercised by controlling the levels of contamination in the environment. The pdf is one of the best occupational health and safety books to download. But they are an internal hazard if it get inside the body through ingestion or via a wound, etc. Alpha decay is a beta radiation method of decay in large consists of an energetic nuclei. Mission and purpose radiation safety research integrity. Knowledge of radiation hazards, radiation protection practices. The rf safety summary sheet is designed to be an integral tool in establishing a national rf radiation safety protocol to ensure that no one is overexposed to rf radiation while working near wireless antennas. At sufficiently high flux levels, various bands of electromagnetic radiation have been found to cause deleterious health effects in people. Radiation hazards free download as powerpoint presentation. Pwgsc catalogue number cc172932012e pdf isbn 9781100215723 published by the canadian nuclear safety commission cnsc extracts from this document may be reproduced for individual use without permission provided the source is fully acknowledged. Electromagnetic radiation hazards 5 summary of current ansi standards for exposure to nonionizing radiation.
In the military these hazards are segregated as follows. Safety data sheets 8 what are the sections of an sds. In most nuclear power plants, the reactor is surrounded by a gastight containment building, built to withstand high pressure. Radiation nonionizing ionizing low radio microwave infrared visible uv uv alpha frequency frequency beta a b c gamma xray largewavelength smallwavelength lowfrequency highfrequency figure 18. Aug 01, 2016 although, most of the participants demonstrated positive attitude towards radiation safety 88. Radiation gamma radiation consists of photons with a frequency of greater than 1019 hz.
Radiation protection concepts and principles new health technologies and medical devices using ionizing radiation have led to major improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of human disease. Electromagnetic radiation can be classified into two types. When we pull our car out from a side street onto a main. The information is updated as changes are made at the site, and annual site audits are performed to ensure the safety. These hazards result from high levels of rf radiation, xray emissions, the necessity of working aloft, and the generation of extremely high voltages. Radiation radiation is a process by which energy is transmitted through space or matter.
Although, most of the participants demonstrated positive attitude towards radiation safety 88. It s something that we do every day, whether we are conscious about it or not. Work at height regulation to ensure working at height safely. Guidelines on prevention of radiation hazards for workers. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. The operating organization, through its managers, is responsible for the establishment and implementation of technical and organizational measures needed to ensure protection and safety, and compliance with all relevant regulatory and legislative requirements 6. Radiation protection checklists are tools used to confirm regulatory compliance, inspect equipment and identify hazards from radiation overexposure. Common sense and some basic information can greatly reduce radiation exposure and risk for most people. It strips away electrons from atoms breaks some chemical bonds. Hazards in the use of xray analytical instrumentation of ionizing radiation that deposits 100 ergsgm of energy in the absorber. Fisher safety is one of americas leading suppliers of safety products and services and. Protective measures for rf radiation once rf generating devices have been identified, the next challenge is how to create a safe working environment for the construction workers.
Once inside the body they disintegrate, causing serious damage to the surrounding tissue within few microns depth. The book introduction to occupational health and safety pdf is an ideal solution to successfully clear nebosh international general certificate and nebosh national general certificate exams as well. People are exposed to natural sources of ionizing radiation, such as in soil, water, and vegetation, as well as in humanmade sources, such as xrays and medical devices. This section provides information on controlling ionizing radiation hazards and preventing dose.
Because of the difficulties of performing actual microwaverf radiation surveys near field measurements, cost of equipment, etc. However, reproduction in whole or in part for purposes of. When these measures are overlooked or ignored, however, welders can encounter such dangers as electric shock, overexposure to fumes and gases, arc radiation. Division of radiation safety, bhabha atomic research center, trombay, bombay for calculating radiation dose.
In larger organizations, the control of radiation hazards is the responsibility of specialists known as health physicists or, sometimes, health chemists. Radiation hazards electromagnetic radiation absorbed dose. For external radiation exposure hazards, the basic protection measures are associated with. Radiation injury causes changes in theliving tissues causing radiation sicknesssomatic effects harmful to the persongenetic effects reflected in the offspring. Radiation, like many potentially harmful things, is a very useful tool and can be safely controlled. Hazards in the use of xray analytical instrumentation. Here is some basic information to help you minimize your dose and risk. Data has shown that a wholebody averaged sar of 4 wkg is acceptable, and subsequently the standard was set at 0.
Safety and health topics ionizing radiation hazards and. Pdf knowledge of radiation hazards, radiation protection. This would contribute to increasing public awareness, taking measures to evade hazards, and regulating and monitoring the use of electricity. Nonionizing radiation safety manual environment, health. Nonetheless, absorption of ionizing radiation energy by body tissues causes changes to the chemical makeup of living cells. Ionizing radiation can damage living tissue in the human body. Radiation measurements were taken in some electric field zones in a typical city in order to quantify the investigation. Ionizing radiation has many beneficial applications, including uses. Aug 17, 2012 use of the radiation monitoringdevices users may receive a dosimeter badge or ring to monitor radiation exposure. Fisher safety is one of americas leading suppliers of safety products and services and controlled environment supplies.
I believe the topic work at height hazards and control measures has been well covered. Beta emitters are internal radiation hazards when taken inside the body. The purpose of the containment building is to keep the radioactive gases and particles. This is most recommended book for hse professionals to help them to improve health and safety culture at their workplace. Pdf radiation safety for the speechlanguage pathologist. The goal of dental radiography is to obtain diagnostic information while keeping the exposure to the patient and dental staff at minimum levels. Laboratory hazards safety guide protecting what matters most. Download the occupational health and safety books pdf to boost your career in occupational health and safety. The following section briefly describes these potential hazards and discusses some protective measures for the specific hazards. Descriptive analysis was made to get summary values of knowledge about ionizing radiation related hazards, ionizing radiation protective measures, radiation imaging history, sociodemographic variables and check for outliers, inconsistencies and missed values.
Safety and health topics ionizing radiation control. Radiation protection and safety in industrial radiography is thus of great importance in both developed and developing countries. Cancers caused by radiation do not appear until years after the radiation exposure. Navy professionals are very safety conscious and, as a result, the number of accidents that occur on the job is small. For questions and contributions on the subject matter, feel free to contact the us at. The information will be available online or through 247 call centers. When these measures are overlooked or ignored, however, welders can encounter such dangers as electric. Risk reduction is usually an automatic process for most potential hazards. Two film badges should be used one at the belt level to monitor whole body exposure and the other above the protective apparel, at the neckline, to estimate exposure to the skin of the head, neck and eyes. Employers must have a safety data sheet in the workplace for each hazardous chemical in the workplace. Access resources designed to assist you in providing effective imaging and therapy while minimizing the risk during exposure to ionizing radiation. Radiation safety is a major concern in this modern era of diagnostic and therapeutic radiology.
See the control and prevention page for information about control measures. Health and safety planning guide for protecting responders following a nuclear detonation. This section does not address the range of nonradiological safety and health hazards for workers in occupational settings with ionizing radiation hazards. Apr 29, 2016 as the use of ionizing radiation increases, so does the potential for health hazards if not properly used or contained. Beta particles can be stopped by the walls of a room or by a sheet of plastic about 1.
If you work with radiation, or if you work in an area where radiation is used, learn your companys procedures for radiation safety, and apply the safety practices discussed in this weeks tail gate safety topic. Cdc emf electric and magnetic fields niosh workplace. This section provides information to help employers and workers recognize ionizing radiation hazards in the workplace. Some people are more likely to develop cancer from radiation exposure than. Safety practices in welding introduction arc welding is a safe occupation when sufficient measures are taken to protect the welder from potential hazards. You cannot see it, you cannot hear it, you cannot smell it but. In assessing the hazards of radiation in the range of very low. When the beta particle is slowed down or stopped, secondary x radiation known as bremsstrahlung may be produced. Access resources such as the acr guidance document for safe mr practices and information on mr contrast agents. Radiation safety for the speechlanguage pathologist. The radiation exposure usually results from diagnostic as well as therapeutic radiation devices. Safety and health topics ionizing radiation control and. Communicating radiation risks in paediatric imaging information to support healthcare discussions about benefit and risk 29 chapter 2. A local radiation hazard situation can be caused by, for example, an accident when transporting radioactive substances.
The chance of developing cancer, not the seriousness of the cancer, increases as the radiation dose increases. This safety report summarizes good and current state of the art practices in industrial radiography and provides technical advice on radiation protection and safety. A serious danger of radiation hazard could be caused by a nuclear explosion or an accident at a nuclear power plant in finland or its nearby areas. Iaeas safety services encompass design, siting and engineering safety, operational safety, radiation safety, safe transport of radioactive material and safe management of radioactive waste, as well as governmental organization, regulatory matters and safety culture in or ganizations. Management of radiation safety and safety culture 2. Frequency is measured by counting the number of waves that pass a. In many countries, laboratory work is subject by health and safety legislation. Health and safety planning guide for protecting responders. State the general considerations for radiation safety. Periodic inservice training and monitoring on radiation safety was suggested. Knowledge of radiation hazards, radiation protection. Ionizing radiation is a type of energy released by atoms in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles. As a general rule limiting exposure to alpha and beta radiation is an important safety practice.